Neuroinflammation and Potential Therapeutic Strategies: A Narrative Review

Abstract

Neuroinflammation is a natural and crucial part of the brain's immune response, designed to protect it from pathogens, injuries, and other harmful stimuli. However, when it becomes prolonged or excessive, it can contribute to the development of neurological disorders. It significantly factors into the onset and progression of various neurological disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, and traumatic brain injury. It is not just a secondary reaction to injury or infection; rather, it plays a crucial role in the overall pathogenesis of these conditions. This narrative review explores neuroinflammation mechanisms, particularly emphasizing the roles of microglia, astrocytes, and peripheral immune cells. Additionally, some emerging therapeutic strategies have been discussed as potential specific and effective interventions. Despite the substantial advancement, difficulties persist in translating these findings into clinically feasible outcomes. Further investigations focused on mechanistic approaches to inhibit neuroinflammation and its associated disorders are essential for the discovery of novel central nervous system therapies.