Copper Sulphate-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Adult Wistar Rats: Therapeutic Potential of Vitamin E

Abstract

Background: Heavy metal contamination, particularly by copper, poses significant environmental and health concerns due to anthropogenic activities. Anthropogenic activities have substantially elevated heavy metal concentrations, leading to toxicity in various ecosystems. Copper sulphate, a common heavy metal, adversely affects human health, primarily targeting soft tissues such as the kidneys, leading to neurological disorders and multiorgan failure. Animal studies have revealed oxidative stress, hepatic, renal, and testicular toxicity upon exposure to copper sulphate. Vitamin E, a potent antioxidant, is explored for its potential protective role against copper sulphate-induced renal damage. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the ameliorative potential of Vitamin E on copper sulphate induced nephrotoxicity in adult Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five (25) adult Wistar rats weighing between 160g and 220g were separated into five (5) groups of randomized patterns with five (5) rats in each group.  subjected to different treatments over 60 days. A, B, C, D, and E with each group having five Wistar rats which were all weighed prior to the administration. Results: The rats were administered with Copper Sulphate for 30 days and Vitamin E for 30 days totalling 60 days. Copper sulphate administration induced significant changes in body weights, electrolyte levels, and oxidative stress biomarkers. Histological analysis revealed interstitial congestion and tubular necrosis indicative of renal damage. However, co-administration of Vitamin E mitigated these effects, demonstrating its protective role against copper sulphate toxicity. Conclusion: Vitamin E mitigates copper sulphate-induced oxidative stress, dysregulation of renal electrolytes, and histological alterations in the kidney of adult Wistar rats.